| Term |
Meaning |
|
Bend |
A lowering of the naturally played pitch
of a reed caused by playing techniques. Draw notes can be bent on holes
1-6 and blow notes can be bent on holes 7-10. |
| Blow |
Notes played by exhaling. The blow notes are created by the upper
reeds (numbers up) where the reeds open inside the harp. |
| Chamber |
The area or cell in the comb into which
the reeds vibrate. The player breathes through the outer holes of
the chambers to play the harmonica. |
| Chromatic |
A tuning that uses all 12 notes used in
Western music. Chromatic harmonicas have a slide activated by a button
that alter the reed that is sounded to enable fully chromatic play.
Often refers to the type of harmonica, as opposed to a diatonic harp. |
| Closing Bend |
A pitch lowering bend where the reed initially closes into its slot. |
| Comb |
The body of a harp upon which the reed
plates are attached. The comb has the holes or chambers into which you
play. Combs are made of wood, plastic, or metal. |
| Covers |
The outer covers of the harmonica that
attach to the comb. |
| Cup |
The seal formed between the hands and
the harmonica or microphone. |
| Diatonic |
A tuning that uses only the 8 notes from
a major or minor scale. This is the tuning for normal 10-hole "short"
harmonicas, also called diatonic harps. Often used to refer to the
harmonica itself, as opposed to a chromatic harmonica. |
| Discrete Comb |
A diatonic harmonica comb with a separate chamber for each reed. |
| Draw |
Notes played by inhaling. The draw notes are created by the lower
reeds (numbers up) where the reeds open outside the harp. |
| Gap |
The space between a reed and its slot in the reed plate. |
|
Embouchure |
The method of applying the lips and
tongue to the harmonica. Often refers to any technique that manipulates
the air stream. |
| Harp |
Harmonica. Seems to originate from the
early term "French Harp". Also called "Short Harp" and "Mouth Harp", as
well as "Mouth Organ", "Tin Sandwich", and "Mississippi Saxophone". |
| Opening Bend |
A pitch raising bend where the reed initially opens away from its
slot. |
| Overblow |
An advanced type of bend that plays the opposite reed in an opening
rather than closing fashion. Overblows raise the pitch of the natural
note, whereas normal bends lower the pitch. Overblows are available on
holes 1-6 and overdraws are available on holes 7-10. |
| Position |
Relates to the starting place (e.g. hole
number) and manner (e.g. draw or blow) in which the root note of the
scale is played. The natural notes of the harmonica when played in
different positions yield characteristic modes. |
| Reed |
A thin rectangular metal strip (normally
brass) attached to a mounting plate that is activated by the players
breath to spring back and forth through its slot, which chops the
airstream and produces the harmonica's sound. |
| Reed plate |
The mounting plate for the harmonica
reeds. Normally brass. |
| Resonance |
An amplification effect due to sound waves echoing and superimposing
to reinforce certain audible frequencies. |
| Slot |
A rectangular hole in the reed plate
just slightly larger than its reed. The reed vibrates through its slot
to produce the harmonica sound. |
| Tab |
Short for tablature. A shortcut notation that indicates how to play
a note on the harmonica. This is different from standard musical
notation, which indicates what note to play including its relative
duration. |
| Tremolo |
Pulsations of air pressure that cause a wavering effect to the
loudness of the sound. Often referred to as vibrato, and often
mixed with vibrato to produce a note oscillation effect as used by
singers. When both vibrato and tremolo are present, usually the term
vibrato is used. |
| Vibrato |
Slight fluctuations of pitch produced by a slight wavering
movement of part of the embouchure affecting the air stream. Sometimes
referred to as tremolo, and often used with tremolo to produce a note
oscillation effect as used by singers. When both vibrato and tremolo
are present, usually the term vibrato is used. |
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